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SARAYA - 2020 Vol. 1

Current situation and challenges of nosocomial infection in Vietnam

Background The current situation of nosocomial infection in Vietnam in general, and at Cho Ray Hospital is alarming. Four main healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), namely, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter line-associated bloodstream...

Excellence in Hand Hygiene Begins Where Strategy, Leadership, and Culture Come Together

  • Magazine Volume: 2020 Vol. 1
  • Article number: 1
  • Content Type: World Information
  • Category: Hand Hygiene
  • Facility: General
  • Field to link to full PDF field: HosCom_International_2020vol1_web.pdf
  • Authors :

    Alexandra Peters, MA, PhD Candidate & Prof. Didier Pittet, MD, MS, CBE
    Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, The University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
  • References:
    1. World Health Organization. "Health care-associated infections FACT SHEET." (NA). Available at: https://www.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en.pdf (Accessed: 18th December 2018)
    2. Pittet, D. et al. "Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme." Lancet 356, 1307–1312 (2000).
    3. World Health Organization. "Hand hygiene a key defence in Europe’s fight against antibiotic resistance." (2017). Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/antimicrobial-resistance/news/news/2017/05/ hand-hygiene-a-key-defence-in-europes-fight-against-antibiotic-resistance (Accessed: 15th December 2018)
    4. World Health Organization. "Guide to Implementation: A Guide to the Implementation of the WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy." (2009). Available at: https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Guide_to_ Implementation.pdf (Accessed: 18th December 2018)
    5. Grayson, M. L. et al. "Outcomes from the first 2 years of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative." The Medical Journal of Australia 195, 615–619 (2011).
    6. S. Fonguh, A. Uwineza, B. Catry, A. Simon & the national hand hygiene working group. "National campaigns to promote hand hygiene in Belgian hospitals: A continuous project." (NA) Available at: https://slideplayer.com/slide/12851324/ (Accessed: 18th December 2018)
    7. Magiorakos, A. P. et al. "Pathways to clean hands: highlights of successful hand hygiene implementation strategies in Europe." Eurosurveillance 15, 19560 (2010).
    8. Sheldon Stone et al. "Report to the Patient Safety Research Programme: on 'The National Observational Study to Evaluate the Cleanyourhands Campaign (NOSEC)' and 'The Feedback Intervention Trial (FIT)'." (2010).
    9. World Health Organization. "World Alliance for Patient Safety: The Launch of the World Alliance for Patient Safety, Washington DC, USA — 27 October 2004." (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/worldalliance/en/(Accessed: 15th October 2018)
    10. Allegranzi, B. et al. "Global implementation of WHO’s multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study." Lancet Infectious Diseases 13, 843–851 (2013).
    11. Allegranzi, B. et al. "Successful implementation of the World Health Organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in a referral hospital in Mali, Africa." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, 133–141 (2010).
    12. World Health Organization. "Local production of WHO-recommended alcohol based handrubs: feasibility, advantages, barriers and costs." (2013). Available at: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/12/12-117085/en/ (Accessed: 30th August 2018)
    13. World Health Organization. "Web sites promoting WHO SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands." (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/SLCYH_support/en/ (Accessed: 31st August 2018)
    14. World Health Organization. "About SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands." (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/background/5moments/en/ (Accessed: 15th October 2018)
    15. World Health Organization. "WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework." (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/hhsa_framework/en/ (Accessed: 15th October 2018)
    16. Stewardson, A. J., Allegranzi, B., Perneger, T. V., Attar, H. and Pittet, D. "Testing the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework for usability and reliability." Journal of Hospital Infection 83, 30–35 (2013).
    17. World Health Organization. "Support from WHO Member States and autonomous areas: Infection Prevention and Control." (2018). Available at: http://www.who. int/infection-prevention/countries/hand-hygiene/statements/en/ (Accessed: 15th October 2018)
    18. World Health Organization. "Private Organizations for Patient Safety (POPS)." (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/gpsc/pops/en/ (Accessed: 16th December 2018)
    19. World Health Organization. "The First Global Patient Safety Challenge: ‘Clean Care is Safer Care’" (2018). Available at: http://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_care_ is_safer_care/en/ (Accessed: 28th August 2018)
    20. Stewardson, A. J. & Pittet, D. "Historical Perspectives." in Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals 8–11 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2017). doi:10.1002/9781118846810.ch2
    21. TEDx Talks. Adapt to adopt | Didier Pittet | TEDxPlaceDesNations. (2016).
    22. Fakhry, M., Hanna, G. B., Anderson, O., Holmes, A. & Nathwani, D. "Effectiveness of an audible reminder on hand hygiene adherence." American Journal of Infection Control 40, 320–323 (2012).
    23. World Health Organization. "Guide to Local Production: WHO-recommended Handrub Formulations." Available at: https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Guide_ to_Local_Production.pdf (Accessed: 18th December 2018)
Everyone knows that hand hygiene is vitally important in healthcare, but to date, no one has figured out how to achieve optimal compliance. How does one achieve excellence in hand hygiene? In order to analyze this question, one must first understand...

Why Should my Hospital use the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework Proposed by the World Health Organization?

  • Magazine Volume: 2020 Vol. 1
  • Article number: 2
  • Content Type: World Information
  • Category: Hand Hygiene
  • Facility: General
  • Field to link to full PDF field: HosCom_International_2020vol1_web.pdf
  • Authors :

    Chloé Guitart1, Camille Bleeker2, Alexandra Peters1, Didier Pittet1

    1. Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
    2. University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
  • References:
    1. Allegranzi B, Bagheri Nejad S, Combescure C, Graafmans W, Attar H, Donaldson L, et al. Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011 Jan 15 ; 377(9761) : 228–41.
    2. Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, Morgan WM, Emori TG, Munn VP, et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb; 121(2): 182–205.
    3. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme. Lancet. 2000 Oct 14 ; 356(9238) : 1307–12.
    4. WHO | Infection prevention and control [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2019 Mar 4]. Available from: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/en/
    5. WHO | 2019 WHO Global Survey on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Hand Hygiene [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2019 Mar 4]. Available from: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/ipc-global-survey-2019/en/
    6. WHO | Core components for IPC - Implementation tools and resources [Internet]. [cited 2019 Feb 27]. Available from: https://www.who.int/infection-prevention/tools/core-components/en/
    7. WHO | WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2019 Mar 2]. Available from: https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/hhsa_framework/en/
    8. Stewardson A, Allegranzi B, Sax H, Kilpatrick C, Pittet D. Back to the future: rising to the Semmelweis challenge in hand hygiene. Future Microbiol. 2011 Aug; 6(8): 855–76.
    9. Pittet D, Allegranzi B. Preventing sepsis in healthcare - 200 years after the birth of Ignaz Semmelweis. Euro Surveill. 2018 May ; 23(18).
    10. Karamanou M, Panayiotakopoulos G, Tsoucalas G, Kousoulis AA, Androutsos G. From miasmas to germs: a historical approach to theories of infectious disease transmission. Infez Med. 2012 Mar; 20(1): 58–62.
    11. Vermeil T, Peters A, Kilpatrick C, Pires D, Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Hand hygiene in hospitals: anatomy of a revolution. J Hosp Infect. 2019 Apr; 101(4): 383-392
    12. Andrew J. Stewardson, Didier Pittet. Historical Perspectives In Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals. Wiley Blackwell. Didier Pittet, John M. Boyce and Benedetta Allegranzi; 2017. p. 8–11.
    13. Allegranzi B, Gayet-Ageron A, Damani N, Bengaly L, McLaws M-L, Moro M-L, et al. Global implementation of WHO’s multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Oct; 13(10): 843–51.
    14. Allegranzi B, Storr J, Dziekan G, Leotsakos A, Donaldson L, Pittet D. The First Global Patient Safety Challenge ‘Clean Care is Safer Care’: from launch to current progress and achievements. J Hosp Infect. 2007 Jun; 65 Suppl 2: 115–23.
    15. Sax H, Allegranzi B, Uçkay I, Larson E, Boyce J, Pittet D. ‘My five moments for hand hygiene’: a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. J Hosp Infect. 2007 Sep ; 67(1) : 9–21.
    16. Hand Hygiene Technical Reference Manual [Internet]. WHO 2009 [cited 2017 Oct 9]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44196/1/9789241598606_eng.pdf
    17. WHO | Guide to Implementation [Internet]. WHO 2009. [cited 2019 Mar 2]. Available from: http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/publications/hh_implementation-guide/en/
    18. Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Sax H, Chraiti M-N, Griffiths W, Richet H, et al. Doubleblind, randomized, crossover trial of 3 hand rub formulations: fast-track evaluation of tolerability and acceptability. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007 Dec ; 28(12) : 1344–51.
    19. Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, Benedetta Allegranzi. A Worldwide WHO Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Campaign. In: Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals. Wiley-Blackwell. Didier Pittet, John M. Boyce and Benedetta Allegranzi; 2017. p. 275–84.
    20. World Health Organization. Registration update - countries or areas. [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2019 Apr 4]. Available from: http://www.who.int/infectionprevention/campaigns/clean-hands/registration_update/en/
    21. Kilpatrick C, Tartari E, Gayet-Ageron A, Storr J, Tomczyk S, Allegranzi B, et al. Global hand hygiene improvement progress: two surveys using the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework. J Hosp Infect. 2018 Oct ; 100(2) : 202–6.
    22. Stewardson AJ, Allegranzi B, Perneger TV, Attar H, Pittet D. Testing the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework for usability and reliability. J Hosp Infect. 2013 Jan ; 83(1) : 30–5.
    23. Allegranzi B, Conway L, Larson E, Pittet D. Status of the implementation of the World Health Organization multimodal hand hygiene strategy in United States of America health care facilities. Am J Infect Control. 2014 Mar ; 42(3) : 224–30.
    24. Kritsotakis EI, Astrinaki E, Messaritaki A, Gikas A. Implementation of multimodal infection control and hand hygiene strategies in acute-care hospitals in Greece: A cross-sectional benchmarking survey. Am J Infect Control. 2018 Oct ; 46(10) : 1097–103.
    25. Bert F, Giacomelli S, Ceresetti D, Zotti CM. World Health Organization Framework: Multimodal Hand Hygiene Strategy in Piedmont (Italy) Health Care Facilities. J Patient Saf. 2017 Jan 10 ;
Healthcare-associated infections are the gravest threat to patient safety in hospitals worldwide1. By establishing infection prevention and control(IPC) teams and programs, hospitals can decrease healthcare-associated infections by at least 30%2, and...